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Hot Spots, also called "acute moist dermatitis,” are areas of the skin that become inflamed, raw, infected and itchy. DERMagic Hot Spot Salve is a concentrated formulation of our Skin Rescue Lotion. This fresh-smelling salve is formulated with the same all-natural and organic ingredients, including whole-leaf aloe vera gel, vitamin E, rosemary essential oil, sesame oil, and lanolin to help it stick to the skin.
For Best Results:
- Prior to the first application, clip all hair surrounding the hot spot or wound.
- Dab a small amount of DERMagic Hot Spot Salve directly on wound.
- Keep area covered with a sock or t-shirt for protection. If licking persists, use an e-collar to prevent further irritation.
- Reapply DERMagic Hot Spot Salve twice per day until symptoms disappear.
- Note: We recommend keeping the affected area covered with a t-shirt or baby socks until healed or until a hard scab is formed and itching has stopped.
Ingredients: Certified Organic Aloe Barbadensis Leaf Juice, Sulfur, Lanolin, Sesamum Indicum (Sesame) Seed Oil, Certified Organic Butyrospernum Parkii (Shea Butter), Water (Aqua), Beeswax, Tocopherol Acetate (Vitamin E).
Glycanaid is a fantastic maintenance supplement to support your dogs joint health…..
Looking for a supplement that will properly support your dogs joints? Lucky for you, you have come to the right place. GlycanAid is a daily natural joint health supplement specifically designed to provide all the essential ingredients your dog needs for a lifetime of health joints. Whether your dog has existing joint health issues or you are looking to maintain their already healthy joints, GlycanAid is the answer. These tasty chewable tablets are recommended by veterinarians all around the world.
We have two sizes available – 150 tabs or 60 tabs. The large bottle offering a saving on the smaller bottle……
Halloween is a festive and fun time for children and families. But what about our dogs? Unfortunately for them it can be a stressful time of year. Here are a few precautions to keep your dogs safe and warm from the trick or treaters……..
1. Trick-or-treat sweets and treats are not for pets.
All chocolate — especially baking or dark chocolate is dangerous, even lethal, for dogs. Symptoms of chocolate poisoning may include vomiting, diarrhoea, rapid breathing, increased heart rate, and seizures. Halloween sweets containing the artificial sweetener xylitol can also be poisonous to dogs. Even small amounts of xylitol can cause a sudden drop in blood sugar and subsequent loss of coordination and seizures.
2. Don’t leave pets out in the garden or front yard on Halloween.
Surprisingly, vicious pranksters have been known to tease, injure, steal, and even kill pets on Halloween night. Inexcusable? Yes! But preventable nonetheless.
3. Keep pets confined and away from the door.
Not only will your door be constantly opening and closing on Halloween, but strangers will be dressed in unusual costumes and yelling loudly for their sweets. This, of course, is scary for our furry friends. Dogs are especially territorial and may become anxious and growl at innocent trick-or-treaters. Putting your dog or cat in a secure room away from the front door will also prevent them from darting outside into the night … a night when no one wants to be searching for a lost loved one.
4. Keep your outdoor cats inside several days before and several days after Halloween.
Black cats are especially at risk from pranks or other cruelty-related incidents. In fact, many shelters do not adopt out black cats during the month of October as a safety precaution.
5. Keep Halloween plants such as pumpkins and corn out of reach.
Although they are relatively nontoxic, such plants can induce gastrointestinal upset should your pets ingest them in large quantities. Intestinal blockage can even occur if large pieces are swallowed. And speaking of pumpkins …
6. Don’t keep lit pumpkins around pets.
Should they get too close, they run the risk of burning themselves or knocking it over and causing a fire.
7. Keep wires and electric light cords out of reach.
If chewed, your pet could cut himself or herself on shards of glass or plastic, or receive a possibly life-threatening electrical shock.
8. Don’t dress your pet in a costume unless you know they’ll love it.
If you do decide that Fido or Kitty needs a costume, make sure it isn’t annoying or unsafe. It should not constrict movement, hearing, or the ability to breathe or bark and meow.
9. Try on pet costumes before the big night.
If they seem distressed, allergic, or show abnormal behaviour, consider letting them go in their “birthday suit”. Festive bandanas usually work for party poopers, too.
10. IDs, please!
If your dog or cat should escape and become lost, having the proper identification will increase the chances that they will be returned. Just make sure the information is up-to-date, even if your pet does have one of those fancy-schmancy embedded microchips.
So by following these simple steps, our dog will be safe from harm and may even enjoy the excitement of halloween…..
Confused? You should be!
Sometimes it’s hard to see the forest for the trees – and nowhere is this more true than the forest of buzz words we’re seeing in the pet industry. "Made in USA," "Natural," "Organic" and "Eco-Friendly" are just some of the marketing terms that are being hyped and written about regarding pet products, especially food and grooming products.
For all you buyers and sellers out there, we would like to give the meaning of all those terms that manufacturers use to confuse the consumer. “Natural” seems to be the most popular, and will be the focus of a number of pet publications, and has been for some time. It’s just one of many terms you need to thoroughly understand… whether as a consumer ("what am I really buying?") or as a retailer ("how do I explain this correctly to the customer?").
Eco-friendly (or “environmentally friendly”) – This term refers to guidelines and policies that are considered to inflict minimal or no damage to the environment. The US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has deemed this language useless in determining whether a product is truly "green". There is no certifying body, and no "official" emblem like the one on the right, often shown in attempts to obfuscate.
Natural – A natural substance is loosely defined as a chemical compound or substance produced by a living organism and found in nature. A natural product can be considered as such even if it can be prepared by total synthesis (i.e., “man-made”). The term “natural” is not yet regulated, and it’s designed to conjure images of serene forested places, unsullied by civilization and pollution.
Organic – Organic product production and manufacture is a heavily regulated industry. Currently, the European Union, the United States, Canada, Japan and many other countries require producers to obtain special certification in order to market products as "organic". Organic products avoid most synthetic chemical inputs (e.g., fertilizer, pesticides, antibiotics, food additives, etc.), genetically modified organisms (GMOs), irradiation, and the use of sewage sludge. Manufacturers of organic products are subject to periodic on-site inspections at their facilities.
Locally Manufactured – Essentially means “manufactured in your neighbourhood,” but is not defined nor regulated. This is a “feel-good” term that companies can use to promote local sales. Theoretically, what it really means in terms of “greenness” is that the “carbon footprint” of the product is lower because no fossil fuels were consumed in transporting products all over the US or, worse, from some distant country.
Green – Green marketing began in Europe in the early 1980s when certain products were found to be harmful to the earth’s atmosphere. As a result, "green" products that would cause less damage to the environment began to appear on the market. The movement quickly caught on in the US and has been growing steadily ever since. The development of ecologically safer products, recyclable and biodegradable packaging, energy-efficient operations, and better pollution controls are all aspects of green marketing. The key point to note here is that “green” is a relative term, meaning that “less” damage is done than the current method or product in the public market. It does not mean that “NO” damage is done… nor is this term regulated. The buyer should be aware of the current “green washing” trend in marketing. (Also, see our earlier blog post about this subject.)
Holistic – treating the body as a whole system. A symptom that manifests as an itch on the skin could actually be the result of something digestive, for example. This is a treatment approach, not a label that should be placed on any product.
Homeopathic – Substances that produce symptoms of sickness in healthy animals can have a curative effect when given in very dilute quantities to sick animals who exhibit those same symptoms. Both Homeopathic and Holistic approaches are “alternative medicine” styles of treatment.
Naturopathy (also known as “natural medicine”) – alternative veterinary practice that avoids antibiotics and routine shots, for example.
And here’s the rest of the story:
The “Natural Products” marketplace is huge and growing. At all the trade shows where we exhibit, there are special sections dedicated to natural and organic products, and manufacturers who wish to attract buyers who hold “natural” and “organic” in high priority for their customers will exhibit in these spaces. These areas are growing in importance at trade shows but still maintain a very small percentage of overall floor space at these shows. We always exhibit in the Natural areas at shows because we specifically target buyers of natural products. Natural and organic is what we do, and we do nothing else, so it’s very important to us as manufacturers that retailers are educated and informed about what “natural” means and what “organic” means and what “eco-friendly” means. Often, both retailers and consumers confuse these terms. They are quite different from each other.
Pet parents are asking for natural and organic products more and more. They search for products online using these terms, and will either purchase online or seek a local retailer who offers natural products. Manufacturers know this and will do whatever it takes to increase their appeal to customers seeking "natural" goods. Caveat emptor.
At DERMagic, we understand that conventional dermatitis treatments, including steroids, only temporarily relieve symptoms, while putting the pet at risk of harmful side effects. DERMagic products are formulated with only safe, natural and organic ingredients that act quickly to relieve itching, fight fungal and bacterial infections and promote rapid healing and regrowth of fur. DERMagic products are non-toxic, veterinarian-approved and made in the USA. DERMagic works, guaranteed, and no hype.
By Kristina Lotz
Many of us love this time of year — the changing colour of the leaves, brisk fall breezes, and finally a respite from the hot weather of Summer. For your dog, however, fall may be more work than fun.
The change in the season can mean a decrease in exercise, and an increase in baths, allergens, and other unpleasantness for your dog. The following tips should help make the transition into the new season enjoyable for both you and your dog.
Health Concerns
Pet lovers may forget about such things as allergens, keeping your dog warm, medical issues, etc., that are associated with the changing temperature. With two of the biggest food holidays coming up — Halloween and Thanksgiving — dogs are in particular danger of food poisoning, choking on bones, or just overeating. Dr. Kerri Marshal, Chief Veterinary Officer at Troponin, has a few tips to make sure your dog’s health is looked after during the fall season.
Seasonal allergies can kick in for dogs in the fall. These are most commonly skin allergies, but can also be allergic rhinitis, evidenced by sneezing, loud snorting or snoring, and clear discharge from your dog’s nose. Your veterinarian can diagnose and prescribe antihistamines or other therapy to make your dog more comfortable.
As the weather gets cooler, think about putting a coat or sweater on your dog during walks. Make sure it is rain-proof in the wetter parts of the year.
If you use space heaters, be very careful that your dog cannot be burned by them, and does not have access to chew the cord.
Regarding Halloween candy, there’s one simple rule: No! This is especially true of chocolate, which contains ingredients, like bromine, that are toxic to dogs.
If your arthritis gets worse with colder weather, keep your acetaminophen away from your dog, as it can cause liver damage. The same is true of ibuprofen, which is also highly toxic to dogs.
Dogs may need slightly more calories in cold weather if they spend time outdoors. Ask your vet to evaluate your pet’s "body condition score" and recommend the proper pet food and amount for active outdoor pets.
Exercise
With the shortened days, it’s very likely that you are going to be walking your dog in the dark, either morning or evening, or both. The best ways to keep you and your pet safe are reflective gear, flashlights, or light-up collars and leashes, which should be available at your local pet retailer.
Fall also means colder weather, rain, and even snow, which can really make it hard to get outside. In these conditions, you can exercise your dog indoors using a treadmill, or by setting up an indoor "agility" course using households objects, such as clothes baskets, broom handles and furniture. You can then train your dogs to run the obstacle course and work for a treat reward. You can easily alter the course to keep your dog’s mind active and thinking.
While on walks, beware of ice that can cut dog’s paws or make you fall, and "salt" that is put down to melt the ice. While common table salt is frequently used as a chemical de-icer, other chemicals which are poisonous to dogs are sometimes used, including ammonium nitrate, propylene glycol, and sodium Ferro cyanide.
Try to avoid chemically treated areas, if possible. If you can’t, make sure that your dog does not lick at the ground, using a muzzle if necessary to prevent this behaviour. If you need to ice your own drive or walkways, look for pet safe salts, which most pet stores carry seasonally.
When Your Dog Has a Yeast Infection or Alopecia X (Black Skin Disease)
Striker the Pom – Day One
People write to us all the time about how to use DERMagic Skin Rescue Lotion for their dog with hair loss or black skin or general itchiness, especially in the feet. The largest percentage of these inquiries are from Pomeranian parents whose veterinarians have advised them to “just put a t-shirt on the dog… there’s nothing that can be done.”
When we first developed our products, we were unaware of the disease known as Alopecia X (which, by the way, simply means “hair loss from an unknown cause”). Our Skin Rescue Lotion and Hot Spot Salve were created specifically to kill yeast, which is a type of fungus that is present on the skin of all dogs. When it gets inside or under the skin, that’s when it causes all kinds of problems and is very difficult to diagnose, to test for, or to treat by conventional veterinary methods. One of the results of a systemic yeast infection is Alopecia X or “Black Skin Disease.” No one says it better than our friends at Nzymes, so please read about “Allergies Vs. Candida Yeast: The Confusion.”
Where does it come from? Yeast is a type of fungus and it is present as a normal part of the flora on all dogs, internally and externally. As long as everything is in balance, the yeast causes no problems. But if a dog’s immune system is compromised or diminished by illness or a poor diet, or if the yeast gets inside the skin through a cut, bug bite or by shaving, the yeast fungus has a perfect opportunity to take control. (Never shave your dog and do not let your groomer shave him… the blade simply injects whatever is on your dog’s skin right underneath it, and in the case of yeast it immediately begins to spread until it is systemic throughout the animal.)
Striker – Full coat 6 months later
What can be done to get rid of yeast? Well, for Poms or any other breed, there is actually something that can be done, and there are hundreds of pet parents out there who have done it with our help, and with the help of the good folks at Nzymes.com. It takes persistence, patience, and perseverance, and a couple of months or more. It took a very long time for the infection to take hold, running quietly under the skin or inside the body, and it takes time to reverse it.
What are the top signs of a yeast infection? Any one of these is a very strong indicator, regardless of how it got started. If there are two or more of these symptoms, it’s pretty much a given that the dog is systemically infected with yeast:
- Scratching the ears, or head shaking
- Lethargy and loss of appetite
- Chewing or licking the feet, and dark rusty-red hair between the toes
- Cyclic manifestation of symptoms (appearing in the spring and “going away” in the fall)
- Hair loss on the tail and upper back
- Speckles (like tiny black dots) on the underbelly or rust-coloration around the genitals
- A foul funky smell and greasy hair (seborrhea), often accompanied by heavy dandruff
- Baldness from having been closely shaved
- Any black skin, especially if associated with hair loss.
So, how do I know if it’s a yeast infection or an allergy? Or something else? Well, you don’t know for sure at first. But if the condition responds well to a natural topical antifungal, the hair grows back, the black skin disappears, the itching and licking stop, and the underbelly returns to a normal pinkish white, that should tell you something. All these symptoms respond to antifungals, especially to DERMagic Skin Rescue Lotion or Hot Spot Salve.
It could well have been an allergic reaction to something that started all this, like a bug or flea bite or a bad reaction to grain in food, for example. But what then happens is that the local immune system doesn’t function properly and this allows the yeast to bloom and invade. This is what many veterinarians can miss. They generally do not recognize the early signs of yeast, and allergy testing can give misleading false positives in many cases. So, the pet parent accepts the diagnosis of allergies and spends a fortune on medications for the rest of the dog’s life, which may be considerably shortened by being on these meds long term.
Grass pollen allergy in dogs is fairly common, and you would think that since grass pollen is an inhaled allergen, the symptoms would be similar to us as humans…. However, dogs do not suffer as much from runny noses or sneezing but most commonly break out in skin-related reactions.
Symptoms of canine allergies can include ear infections, red raw hot spots and hair loss, as well certain behaviours exhibited by your dog such as scratching, rubbing its face and ears on the floor and chewing on its paws.
To determine that grass pollen is the offending allergen, your dog will need to undergo Vet tests, including a physical examination, blood tests and intradermal testing.
Intradermal testing involves injecting various potential allergens into the skin to determine the offending allergen. Unfortunately, grass pollen is difficult to control. Owners are recommended to keep grass cut short, rinse the dog’s feet and legs after going outside and to have the dog stay inside when pollen counts are elevated. Your dog would benefit from wearing protective boots, as these will keep the contact to the paws at a minimum. We would use the Paws rubber boots or therapaws boot available at Zoomadog Dogs Health UK.
Prevention
- Keep the grass in your garden mowed short and limit the dog’s exposure to tall grasses and weeds. If possible, create an area for the dog that is primarily gravel or sand to reduce his/her interaction with grass.
- Wipe down the dog’s body with a damp cloth before bringing him back into the house. This will help remove some of the grass pollen that can cling to his fur, and help reduce the amount of irritation he experiences.
- Monitor your dog at all times when she is in an area filled with grass. If you see the dog rolling around in the grass, use a training command to stop the action. Over time, this may help deter the behaviour and prevent future rolls in the hay.
- Vacuum your home and wash any dog bedding frequently to help remove grass pollens carried in by pets and people.
If you dog displays symptoms of grass pollen allergy, Dermagic products will work wonders to relieve the symptoms and calm the skin. Our Dermagic skin rescue lotion will soothe and protect the affected areas, as well as offering instant relief to your dogs itching. If your dog has hot spots from the grass, use our Dermagic Hot Spot Salve, this will clear up the raw patch over a couple of days as well as creating a barrier to protect the affected area.
Very often when our dogs suffer an allergy it is said to be atopic. So what does this mean? Is it the same thing as an allergy? The answer is not simply yes or no.
Atopy is the genetic predisposition of an dog to produce high quantities of IgE in response to allergens in the environment (pollens, house dust mites, moulds, cat dander, foods etc). Genetic factors are very important in Atopy, as it can be passed down from generation to generation. Atopy is silent; so atopic dogs do not necessarily display symptoms when they come across allergens. The only way to identify Atopy is through allergy tests which measure IgE for various allergens. So Atopy is a condition for the development of allergy but is not itself allergy!
Allergy, in Vet terms, means that the dog develops symptoms upon contact with allergens to which he/she is sensitised.
So your dog needs to be atopic to become allergic but if he/she is atopic they will not necessarily progress to an allergic state (not all atopic dogs start developing allergy symptoms). It is not clear what causes atopic dogs to behave differently. It might be that some environmental factors added to atopy (the genetic predisposition to allergy) stimulate the progression towards allergy or, as suggested by some new research data; it might be that expressing allergy requires an atopic predisposition and also other inherited genetic factors not related to production of IgE.
A simple way to think of Atopy for dogs would be simply saying that the pet inhales an airborne allergen but instead of sneezing and sniffling, the pet gets itchy skin. In fact, the situation is probably far more complex. The allergen is not only inhaled but is in contact with the skin and it is no longer considered accurate to think of Atopy as an inhaled allergy. Exactly how we get from particles floating in the air to itching and scratching is not entirely understood but the important issue is that the allergen comes from the air.
Airborne particles (pollen, dander, etc.) are harmless to someone who is not allergic to them. Allergy develops in individuals who are genetically programmed to do so.
Breeds predisposed to develop Atopy include: Dalmatian, Golden retriever, West Highland white terrier, Shar Pei, Labrador retriever, Cairn terrier, Lhasa Apso, Shih Tzu, Boxer, and Pug.
Features of Atopy
There are many reasons for pets to itch: parasites, allergy to flea bites, food allergy, secondary infection and the list goes on. The following findings in the history and examination of the patient might lead to a diagnosis of atopy. Atopy usually produces a seasonal itchiness though after several years, the duration of the itchy period extends. Finally, the pet is itchy nearly all year round.
Seasonality
In dogs, atopy usually produces a seasonal itchiness though after several years, the duration of the itchy period extends. Ultimately, the dog is itchy nearly all year round in 80% of cases. In cats, unfortunately, seasonality is not nearly as reliable a feature.
Young age of onset
Seasonal itchiness due to atopy tends to begin early in a pet’s life (between ages 1 and 3 years in 70% of dogs diagnosed with atopy). Food allergy tends to begin later, more like age 5 or 6 years in dogs. Age at which itching first manifests is not as reliable a sign in cats as in dogs.
If you think you dog is suffering from Atopy or an allergy, first we need to identify what is causing it. You can have tests done by your vet to determine the cause, but there are a few things we can do ourselves to help. Always feed your dog a high quality diet, as we find so many dogs improve within a few days when the feed is changed. Make sure your house is dust free and well ventilated, and that your dogs bed is kept clean.
At Dermagic we have all the products you need to help soothe and offer your dog relief from the itching that the allergies bring. Please get in touch if you need any advice on the right product to help your dog on 01624 829575…
Does your dog suffer from seasonal allergies, and break out in hot spots, itchy skin or canine dermatitis?
With spring here, many of us are seeing the same symptoms and skin conditions appear as last year… after hoping they had gone for good. Now is the time to act so our dogs don’t spend the season feeling miserable thanks to pollens and other environmental allergens.
What are the signs that your dog has seasonal Allergies?
Allergies in dogs will often take the form of inflamed skin, hot spots or itchy flaky skin – a condition called allergic dermatitis.
If your dog suffers from allergies, the skin can become very itchy which will cause you dog to scratch excessively. Your dog might bite or chew at certain areas of their body just to relieve the terrible itchiness. It is important to relieve these symptoms as quickly as possible in order to prevent open sores and infection. We highly recommend using our Dermagic Skin Rescue Lotion, this fast working product will relieve the symptoms fast.
Another very common skin conditions in dogs is the "Hot Spot” which is also know as "acute moist dermatitis.”
There are many causes of hot spots, including allergies and parasites, but the common factor is infection, whether bacterial, fungal, or yeast (another type of fungus). A hot spot can appear anywhere on the body: hind leg, feet, rump area, neck, etc.
The bottom line for your pet is that there is an infection and intense itching, regardless of how it got that way. To relieve your dog from the discomfort of hot spots, use our Hot Spot Salve. If you would like to call us for advice on how to help alleviate and relieve your dogs skin conditions and allergies, call us on 01624 829575 today…
What are mites?
Mites are microscopic creatures that resemble miniature spiders.
Among the mites species that attack cats and dogs, are members of the Sarcoptic mange mites (family Sarcoptidae), which burrow under the skin.
Demodex mites (family Demodicidae) are parasites that live in or near the hair follicles of mammals, including humans.
Cheyletiella mites look like tiny spiders under a magnifying glass and are often called “Walking Dandruff” because upon close inspection it seems like little flakes of dry skin are actually moving about.
Sarcoptic mites are very nasty creatures. Infestations of these mites are called scabies are highly contagious. Scabies produce intense itching, reddening of the skin, thinning of the hair (alopecia) and development of crusts and scabs. Bacterial skin infections commonly occur in the inflamed, irritated skin.
Sarcoptic mite infestation otherwise know as mange, is frequently misdiagnosed as allergic dermatitis even by very competent and experienced veterinarians. The mites burrow right down into the skin where they are virtually undetectable by skin scrapings. Sarcoptic mites prefer skin with little hair, so they are most numerous on the ears, elbows, abdomen and hocks. As the disease spreads, hair is lost and eventually the mites occupy large areas of skin.
Sadly, many dogs are treated with cortisone or prednisone for a supposed allergic dermatitis when in fact these Sarcoptic mites are the cause of the pruritic or inflamed skin, and the unnecessary cortisone eventually makes the condition worse.
Then there are Demodectic (or Demodex) mites, which cause a different type of mange. These mites are found in small numbers in the hair follicles of normal pets. In stressful situations, however, they proliferate, and large numbers inhabit the skin and hair follicles.
The good news is that Demodex mites can easily be seen on a skin scraping viewed under the microscope. The less good news is that generalized demodicosis is serious and often difficult to treat. Large areas of the body may be affected, and often the affected areas are also infected by bacteria. In these cases, the skin is red, crusty and warm, and has many pustules. It may bleed easily and has a strong, rancid odour.
DERMagic products stop infections associated with parasitic infestations, and kill certain parasites outright. Read below the steps to eliminating these debilitating skin infestations naturally…
Choose one of our Award-winning Shampoo Bars, plus Skin Rescue Lotion (4 fl oz bottle) and Hot Spot Salve (2 oz jar) as a complete system for the most effective results in treating your dog’s problem skin condition.
* All Natural Ingredients
* No harsh chemicals
* Works Fast & Safely
* Gentle and Effective
* Guaranteed
* Made in the USA
STEP 1
Before starting any treatment, give your dog a good cleansing with one of our organic Shampoo Bars, specially formulated for deep cleansing sensitive skin. Bathe your dog weekly or every two weeks (not too often!) while undergoing treatment.
STEP 2
DERMagic Skin Rescue Lotion
Apply DERMagic Skin Rescue Lotion for fast and effective relief from skin irritations, hot spots, scaly skin, flea allergies, dermatitis, and dry skin conditions. Massage well into problem areas, then cover pet with a T-shirt to protect skin. Reapply twice daily for first week of treatment. Continue application once daily for another week. For more serious situations like Black Skin Disease (Alopecia X), please click here for additional information.
STEP 3
DERMagic Hot Spot Salve
For raw and irritated hot spots use DERMagic Hot Spot Salve, applying daily to affected areas until no longer needed. Also treats minor wounds, insect bites, localized allergic reactions, and itchy or inflamed skin.
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